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Do It Again the New Birth

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This article is about the Christian term. For other uses, see Born Over again.

Evangelical Christian term

Born again, or to experience the new nascence, is a phrase, peculiarly in evangelicalism, that refers to a "spiritual rebirth", or a regeneration of the human spirit. In contrast to one'due south concrete birth, being "born over again" is distinctly and separately caused past baptism in the Holy Spirit, it is not acquired by baptism in water. It is a core doctrine of the denominations of the Methodist, Quaker, Baptist, and Pentecostal Churches along with all other evangelical Christian denominations. All of these Churches strongly believe Jesus' words in the Gospels: "You must be born once more before you can meet, or enter, the Kingdom of Heaven." Their doctrines also mandate that to be both "built-in again" and "saved", i must accept a personal and intimate relationship with Jesus Christ.[1] [ii] [3] [4] [five] [6]

In contemporary Christian usage and apart from evangelicalism, the term is distinct from similar terms which are sometimes used in Christianity in reference to a person who is being or becoming a Christian. This usage of the term is usually linked to baptism with h2o and the related doctrine of baptismal regeneration. Individuals who profess to exist "born once more" (meaning in the "Holy Spirit") often state that they have a "personal human relationship with Jesus Christ".[vii] [five] [6]

In add-on to using this phrase with those who practise not profess to be Christians, some Evangelical Christians utilize the phrase and evangelize those who belong to other Christian denominations or groups. This do is based on the belief that non-Evangelical Christians, even those Christians who are professed Christians, are non "born again" and exercise non have a "personal relationship with Jesus." They therefore believe that they should evangelize to non-Evangelical Christians in the aforementioned way that they would evangelize to people who practise non profess the Christian faith.

The phrase "born again" is also used as an adjective to draw individual members of the movement who espouse this belief, and it is also used equally an adjective to draw the movement itself ("born-again Christian" and the "born-once more movement").

Origin [edit]

Jesus and Nicodemus painting by Alexander Bida, 1874

The term is derived from an result in the Gospel of John in which the words of Jesus were not understood by a Jewish pharisee, Nicodemus.

Jesus replied, "Very truly I tell you, no i tin can see the kingdom of God unless they are born again." "How tin can someone be built-in when they are old?" Nicodemus asked. "Surely they cannot enter a second time into their mother's womb to be born!" Jesus answered, "Very truly I tell you lot, no one can enter the kingdom of God unless they are born of water and the Spirit."

—Gospel of John, John chapter 3, verses 3–5, NIV[viii]

The Gospel of John was written in Koine Greek, and the original text is cryptic which results in a double entendre that Nicodemus misunderstands. The word translated as again is ἄνωθεν (ánōtʰen), which could mean either "again", or "from higher up".[ix] The double entendre is a figure of speech that the gospel writer uses to create cliffhanger or misunderstanding in the hearer; the misunderstanding is so clarified by either Jesus or the narrator. Nicodemus takes but the literal meaning from Jesus'south statement, while Jesus clarifies that he means more than of a spiritual rebirth from above. English translations take to pick 1 sense of the phrase or another; the NIV, Male monarch James Version, and Revised Version employ "born again", while the New Revised Standard Version[10] and the New English language Translation[11] prefer the "built-in from above" translation.[12] Most versions volition notation the alternative sense of the phrase anōthen in a footnote.

Edwyn Hoskyns argues that "born from above" is to be preferred every bit the fundamental meaning and he drew attention to phrases such as "nascence of the Spirit",[13] "birth from God",[14] only maintains that this necessarily carries with it an emphasis upon the newness of the life equally given by God himself.[xv]

The final use of the phrase occurs in the First Epistle of Peter, rendered in the King James Version as:

Seeing ye have purified your souls in obeying the truth through the Spirit unto unfeigned love of the brethren, [see that ye] dearest 1 another with a pure center fervently: / Existence born once again, not of corruptible seed, only of incorruptible, past the give-and-take of God, which liveth and abideth for e'er.

—1 Peter 1:22-23[xvi]

Hither, the Greek give-and-take translated every bit "built-in again" is ἀναγεγεννημένοι ( anagegennēménoi ).[17]

Interpretations [edit]

The traditional Jewish agreement of the promise of salvation is interpreted as being rooted in "the seed of Abraham"; that is, physical lineage from Abraham. Jesus explained to Nicodemus that this doctrine was in error—that every person must have ii births—natural nativity of the concrete body and another of the h2o and the spirit.[18] This discourse with Nicodemus established the Christian belief that all human beings—whether Jew or Gentile—must exist "born again" of the spiritual seed of Christ. The Apostle Peter further reinforced this understanding in one Peter ane:23.[xix] [17] The Catholic Encyclopedia states that "[a] controversy existed in the archaic church building over the interpretation of the expression the seed of Abraham. Information technology is [the Campaigner Paul'southward] teaching in i case that all who are Christ'southward by faith are Abraham'due south seed, and heirs according to hope. He is concerned, however, with the fact that the promise is not being fulfilled to the seed of Abraham (referring to the Jews)."[20]

Charles Hodge writes that "The subjective change wrought in the soul by the grace of God, is variously designated in Scripture" with terms such equally new birth, resurrection, new life, new creation, renewing of the mind, dying to sin and living to righteousness, and translation from darkness to low-cal.[21]

Jesus used the "birth" analogy in tracing spiritual newness of life to a divine commencement. Contemporary Christian theologians have provided explanations for "built-in from above" existence a more authentic translation of the original Greek word transliterated anōthen. [22] Theologian Frank Stagg cites two reasons why the newer translation is significant:

  1. The emphasis "from above" (implying "from Heaven") calls attention to the source of the "newness of life". Stagg writes that the give-and-take "again" does not include the source of the new kind of beginning;
  2. More personal comeback is needed. "a new destiny requires a new origin, and the new origin must be from God."[23]

An early on example of the term in its more than modern use appears in the sermons of John Wesley. In the sermon entitled A New Birth he writes, "none can be holy unless he exist born again", and "except he exist born again, none tin can exist happy fifty-fifty in this world. For ... a man should not be happy who is not holy." As well, "I say, [a human being] may be built-in again so go an heir of salvation." Wesley also states infants who are baptized are born again, but for adults it is different:

our church supposes, that all who are baptized in their infancy, are at the same fourth dimension born once again. ... Just ... it is certain all of riper years, who are baptized, are non at the same time born again.[24]

A Unitarian work called The Gospel Anchor noted in the 1830s that the phrase was not mentioned by the other Evangelists, nor by the Apostles except Peter. "It was not regarded by any of the Evangelists but John of sufficient importance to record." Information technology adds that without John, "nosotros should hardly have known that information technology was necessary for one to be built-in again." This suggests that "the text and context was meant to apply to Nicodemus particularly, and not to the world."[25]

Historicity [edit]

Scholars of historical Jesus, that is, attempting to define how closely the stories of Jesus friction match the historical events they are based on, generally care for Jesus's chat with Nicodemus in John 3 with skepticism. It details what is presumably a private chat betwixt Jesus and Nicodemus, with none of the disciples seemingly attention, making information technology unclear how a tape of this conversation was acquired. In addition, the chat is recorded in no other aboriginal Christian source other than John and works based on John.[26] According to Bart Ehrman, the larger result is that the same problem English translations of the Bible have with the Greek ἄνωθεν (anōthen) is a problem in the Aramaic language as well: there is no single word in Aramaic that means both "again" and "from higher up", yet the conversation rests on Nicodemus making this misunderstanding.[27] As the conversation was betwixt ii Jews in Jerusalem, where Aramaic was the native language, there is no reason to remember that they'd have spoken in Greek.[26] This implies that even if based on a real conversation, the author of John heavily modified it to include Greek wordplay and idiom.[26]

Denominational positions [edit]

The Oxford Handbook of Religion and American Politics notes: "The GSS ... has asked a built-in-again question on three occasions ... 'Would you lot say you have been 'born again' or take had a 'built-in-again' feel?" The Handbook says that "Evangelical, black, and Latino Protestants tend to respond similarly, with almost two-thirds of each group answering in the affirmative. In contrast, only virtually one 3rd of mainline Protestants and one sixth of Catholics (Anglo and Latino) claim a born-once more experience." Even so, the handbook suggests that "built-in-again questions are poor measures fifty-fifty for capturing evangelical respondents. ... information technology is likely that people who report a born-again experience too claim it as an identity."[28]

Catholicism [edit]

Historically, the archetype text from John iii was consistently interpreted by the early on church fathers every bit a reference to baptism.[29] Modern Catholic interpreters have noted that the phrase 'born from above' or 'born over again'[30] is clarified equally 'being born of water and Spirit'.[31]

Catholic commentator John F. McHugh notes, "Rebirth, and the commencement of this new life, are said to come almost ἐξ ὕδατος καὶ πνεύματος, of h2o and spirit. This phrase (without the article) refers to a rebirth which the early on Church building regarded as taking place through baptism."[32]

The Catechism of the Catholic Church (CCC) notes that the essential elements of Christian initiation are: "proclamation of the Discussion, acceptance of the Gospel entailing conversion, profession of faith, Baptism itself, and the outpouring of the Holy Spirit, and access to Eucharistic communion."[33] Baptism gives the person the grace of forgiveness for all prior sins; information technology makes the newly baptized person a new creature and an adopted son of God;[34] it incorporates them into the Body of Christ[35] and creates a sacramental bond of unity leaving an indelible mark on our souls.[36] "Incorporated into Christ by Baptism, the person baptized is configured to Christ. Baptism seals the Christian with the enduring spiritual mark (graphic symbol) of his belonging to Christ. No sin can erase this mark, even if sin prevents Baptism from bearing the fruits of conservancy. Given one time for all, Baptism cannot be repeated."[37] The Holy Spirit is involved with each aspect of the movement of grace. "The first work of the grace of the Holy Spirit is conversion. ... Moved by grace, homo turns toward God and away from sin, thus accepting forgiveness and righteousness from on loftier."[38]

The Catholic Church likewise teaches that under special circumstances the demand for water baptism can be superseded by the Holy Spirit in a 'baptism of desire', such every bit when catechumens dice or are martyred prior to receiving baptism.[39]

Pope John Paul Ii wrote in Catechesi Tradendae about "the problem of children baptized in infancy [who] come for catechesis in the parish without receiving whatever other initiation into the faith and nevertheless without any explicit personal attachment to Jesus Christ.".[twoscore] He noted that "being a Christian ways saying 'yes' to Jesus Christ, just let us remember that this 'yes' has two levels: It consists of surrendering to the discussion of God and relying on it, merely it as well means, at a later phase, endeavoring to know better—and better the profound significant of this give-and-take."[41]

The modern expression being "born again" is really virtually the concept of "conversion".

The National Directory of Catechesis (published by the United states Conference of Catholic Bishops, USCCB) defines conversion as, "the acceptance of a personal relationship with Christ, a sincere adherence to him, and a willingness to conform one's life to his."[42] To put it more but "Conversion to Christ involves making a genuine delivery to him and a personal decision to follow him as his disciple."[42]

Echoing the writings of Pope John Paul Two, the National Directory of Catechesis describes a new intervention required by our mod world called the "New Evangelization". The New Evangelization is directed to the Church herself, to the baptized who were never effectively evangelized before, to those who accept never made a personal delivery to Christ and the Gospel, to those formed by the values of the secular civilization, to those who have lost a sense of faith, and to those who are alienated.[43]

Declan O'Sullivan, co-founder of the Cosmic Men'south Fellowship and knight of the Sovereign Military machine Order of Malta, wrote that the "New Evangelization emphasizes the personal encounter with Jesus Christ as a pre-condition for spreading the gospel. The built-in-once more experience is not just an emotional, mystical loftier; the actually of import matter is what happened in the convert's life after the moment or period of radical alter."[44]

Lutheranism [edit]

The Lutheran Church holds that "nosotros are cleansed of our sins and born again and renewed in Holy Baptism past the Holy Ghost. But she also teaches that whoever is baptized must, through daily contrition and repentance, drown The Old Adam so that daily a new homo come forth and arise who walks earlier God in righteousness and purity forever. She teaches that whoever lives in sins after his baptism has over again lost the grace of baptism."[45]

Moravianism [edit]

With regard to the New Birth, the Moravian Church building holds that a personal conversion to Christianity is a blithesome experience, in which the individual "accepts Christ as Lord" after which faith "daily grows inside the person."[46] For Moravians, "Christ lived as a man because he wanted to provide a blueprint for future generations" and "a converted person could try to live in his epitome and daily become more like Jesus."[46] Equally such, "heart religion" characterizes Moravian Christianity.[46] The Moravian Church has historically emphasized evangelism, especially missionary work, to spread the faith.[47]

Anglicanism [edit]

The phrase born again is mentioned in the 39 Articles of the Anglican Church in article 15, entitled "Of Christ alone without Sin". In function, information technology reads: "sin, as S. John saith, was not in Him. But all we the rest, although baptized and built-in again in Christ, yet offend in many things: and if we say nosotros have no sin, we deceive ourselves, and the truth is not in us."[48]

Although the phrase "baptized and born over again in Christ" occurs in Commodity XV, the reference is clearly to the scripture passage in John 3:3.[49]

Reformed [edit]

In Reformed theology, Holy Baptism is the sign and the seal of one'southward regeneration, which is of comfort to the believer.[50] The fourth dimension of ane'south regeneration, even so, is a mystery to oneself co-ordinate to the Canons of Dort.[50]

According to the Reformed churches being built-in again refers to "the inward working of the Spirit which induces the sinner to reply to the effectual call". Co-ordinate to the Westminster Shorter Canon, Q 88, "the outward and ordinary means whereby Christ communicateth to us the benefits of redemption are, his ordinances, specially the discussion, sacraments, and prayer; all of which are made effectual to the elect for conservancy."[51] Effectual calling is "the work of God'south Spirit, whereby, convincing us of our sin and misery, enlightening our minds in the knowledge of Christ, and renewing our wills, he doth persuade and enable us to embrace Jesus Christ, freely offered to us in the gospel."[52] [53]

In Reformed theology, "regeneration precedes faith."[54] Samuel Storms writes that, "Calvinists insist that the sole cause of regeneration or existence born again is the will of God. God first sovereignly and efficaciously regenerates, and simply in event of that practise nosotros act. Therefore, the private is passive in regeneration, neither preparing himself nor making himself receptive to what God volition exercise. Regeneration is a change wrought in us by God, non an democratic act performed past u.s. for ourselves."[55]

Quakerism [edit]

The Central Yearly Coming together of Friends, a Holiness Quaker denomination, teaches that regeneration is the "divine piece of work of initial salvation (Tit. 3:5), or conversion, which involves the accompanying works of justification (Rom. 5:18) and adoption (Rom. 8:15, 16)."[3] In regeneration, which occurs in the New Nascence], there is a "transformation in the heart of the laic wherein he finds himself a new creation in Christ (2 Cor. v:17; Col. ane:27)."[3]

Following the New Birth, George Fox taught the possibility of "holiness of center and life through the instantaneous baptism with the Holy Spirit subsequent to the new birth" (cf. Christian perfection).[56]

Methodism [edit]

In Methodism, the "new birth is necessary for salvation because information technology marks the move toward holiness. That comes with organized religion."[1] John Wesley, held that the New Nascency "is that dandy change which God works in the soul when he brings it into life, when he raises it from the death of sin to the life of righteousness."[58] [1] In the life of a Christian, the new birth is considered the first work of grace.[59] In keeping with Wesleyan-Arminian covenant theology, the Articles of Organized religion, in Article XVII—Of Baptism, state that baptism is a "sign of regeneration or the new birth."[60] The Methodist Visitor in describing this doctrine, admonishes individuals: "'Ye must be built-in over again.' Yield to God that He may perform this piece of work in and for you. Admit Him to your heart. 'Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, and thou shalt exist saved.'"[61] [62] Methodist theology teaches that the New Birth contains two phases that occur together, justification and regeneration:[63]

Though these two phases of the new birth occur simultaneously, they are, in fact, two separate and distinct acts. Justification is that gracious and judicial act of God whereby a soul is granted complete absolution from all guilt and a full release from the punishment of sin (Romans three:23-25). This human activity of divine grace is wrought past faith in the merits of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ (Romans 5:1). Regeneration is the impartation of divine life which is manifested in that radical modify in the moral character of man, from the dearest and life of sin to the beloved of God and the life of righteousness (two Corinthians 5:17; 1 Peter 1:23). ―Principles of Organized religion, Emmanuel Association of Churches[63]

Baptists [edit]

Baptists teach that a "person is built-in again when he/she repents of his/her sins and asks Jesus to forgive him/her and trust Jesus to serve him/her."[64] Those who take been born over again, according to Baptist teaching, know that they are "a child of God because the Holy Spirit witnesses to them that they are" (cf. assurance).[64]

Pentecostalism [edit]

Pentecost by Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld. Woodcut for "Dice Bibel in Bildern", 1860.

Holiness Pentecostals historically teach the new birth (beginning work of grace), entire sanctification (second work of grace) and baptism with the Holy Spirit, every bit evidenced by glossolalia, as the third work of grace.[65] [66] The New Birth, according to Pentecostal teaching, imparts "spiritual life".[4]

Jehovah's Witnesses [edit]

Jehovah's Witnesses believe that individuals practice not have the power to choose to be born again, but that God calls and selects his followers "from above".[67] But those belonging to the "144,000" are considered to exist born once more.[68] [69]

The Church building of Jesus Christ of Latter-twenty-four hours Saints [edit]

The Book of Mormon emphasizes the demand for everyone to be reborn of God.[70]

Disagreements between denominations [edit]

The term "born over again" is used by several Christian denominations, but there are disagreements on what the term means, and whether members of other denominations are justified in claiming to be born-once again Christians.

Cosmic Answers says:

Catholics should ask [Evangelical] Protestants, "Are you built-in once more—the way the Bible understands that concept?" If the Evangelical has not been properly water baptized, he has not been born over again "the Bible mode," regardless of what he may think.[71]

On the other hand, an Evangelical site argues:

Another of many examples is the Catholic who claims he as well is "born again." ... However, what the committed Catholic means is that he received his spiritual nascence when he was baptized—either every bit an infant or when as an adult he converted to Catholicism. That's not what Jesus meant when He told Nicodemus he "must be born again."[72] The deliberate adoption of biblical terms which have dissimilar meanings for Catholics has become an effective tool in Rome's ecumenical agenda.[73]

The Reformed view of regeneration may be set apart from other outlooks in at to the lowest degree 2 means.

First, classical Roman Catholicism teaches that regeneration occurs at baptism, a view known every bit baptismal regeneration. Reformed theology has insisted that regeneration may have identify at any time in a person's life, even in the womb. It is not somehow the automatic result of baptism. Second, it is mutual for many other evangelical branches of the church to speak of repentance and faith leading to regeneration (i.e., people are born once again but after they exercise saving faith). By contrast, Reformed theology teaches that original sin and total depravity deprive all people of the moral ability and volition to exercise saving faith. ... Regeneration is entirely the work of God the Holy Spirit - we tin can exercise aught on our own to obtain information technology. God alone raises the elect from spiritual death to new life in Christ.[74] [75]

History and usage [edit]

Historically, Christianity has used diverse metaphors to depict its rite of initiation, that is, spiritual regeneration via the sacrament of baptism by the power of the h2o and the spirit. This remains the common understanding in near of Christendom, held, for example, in Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodoxy, Lutheranism,[45] Anglicanism,[76] and in other historic branches of Protestantism. However, sometime subsequently the Reformation, Evangelicalism attributed greater significance to the expression born over again [77] as an experience of religious conversion,[78] symbolized by deep-water baptism, and rooted in a commitment to one's own personal faith in Jesus Christ for conservancy. This same belief is, historically, also an integral role of Methodist doctrine,[79] [80] and is continued with the doctrine of Justification.[81]

According to Encyclopædia Britannica:

'Rebirth' has often been identified with a definite, temporally datable course of 'conversion'. ... With the voluntaristic type, rebirth is expressed in a new alignment of the will, in the liberation of new capabilities and powers that were hitherto undeveloped in the person concerned. With the intellectual type, it leads to an activation of the capabilities for understanding, to the breakthrough of a "vision". With others it leads to the discovery of an unexpected beauty in the lodge of nature or to the discovery of the mysterious significant of history. With still others it leads to a new vision of the moral life and its orders, to a selfless realization of love of neighbor. ... each person affected perceives his life in Christ at whatsoever given fourth dimension as "newness of life."[82]

According to J. Gordon Melton:

Born over again is a phrase used by many Protestants to describe the phenomenon of gaining religion in Jesus Christ. It is an experience when everything they take been taught as Christians becomes real, and they develop a direct and personal human relationship with God.[83]

According to Andrew Purves and Charles Partee:

Sometimes the phrase seems to be judgmental, making a distinction between genuine and nominal Christians. Sometimes ... descriptive, like the distinction between liberal and conservative Christians. Occasionally, the phrase seems celebrated, like the division between Catholic and Protestant Christians. ... [the term] usually includes the notion of human choice in conservancy and excludes a view of divine election by grace lonely.[84]

The term born again has become widely associated with the evangelical Christian renewal since the tardily 1960s, outset in the Usa and then around the world. Associated perhaps initially with Jesus People and the Christian counterculture, born again came to refer to a conversion experience, accepting Jesus Christ as lord and savior in order to be saved from hell and given eternal life with God in heaven, and was increasingly used as a term to identify devout believers.[12] By the mid-1970s, born again Christians were increasingly referred to in the mainstream media as part of the born again move.

In 1976, Watergate conspirator Chuck Colson'southward book Born Again gained international discover. Time magazine named him "I of the 25 near influential Evangelicals in America."[85] The term was sufficiently prevalent so that during the yr's presidential campaign, Democratic party nominee Jimmy Carter described himself as "born again" in the first Playboy magazine interview of an American presidential candidate.

Colson describes his path to faith in conjunction with his criminal imprisonment and played a pregnant office in solidifying the "born over again" identity equally a cultural construct in the US. He writes that his spiritual experience followed considerable struggle and hesitancy to have a "personal see with God." He recalls:

while I sat lone staring at the sea I love, words I had not been certain I could sympathise or say savage from my lips: "Lord Jesus, I believe in You. I accept You. Please come into my life. I commit it to Y'all." With these few words...came a sureness of mind that matched the depth of feeling in my heart. There came something more than: strength and serenity, a wonderful new assurance about life, a fresh perception of myself in the world around me.[86]

Jimmy Carter was the first President of the United States to publicly declare that he was born-once again, in 1976.[87] By the 1980 campaign, all three major candidates stated that they had been born again.[88]

Sider and Knippers[89] country that "Ronald Reagan's election that fall [was] aided by the votes of 61% of 'built-in-again' white Protestants."

The Gallup Organization reported that "In 2003, 42% of U.S. adults said they were born-again or evangelical; the 2004 percent is 41%" and that, "Black Americans are far more likely to identify themselves equally born-again or evangelical, with 63% of blacks maxim they are born-again, compared with 39% of white Americans. Republicans are far more likely to say they are born-once more (52%) than Democrats (36%) or independents (32%)."[90]

The Oxford Handbook of Faith and American Politics, referring to several studies, reports "that 'born-once more' identification is associated with lower support for authorities anti-poverty programs." It also notes that "self-reported born-again" Christianity, "strongly shapes attitudes towards economic policy."[91]

Names which accept been inspired by the term [edit]

The thought of "rebirth in Christ" has inspired[92] some mutual European forenames: French René/Renée, Dutch Renaat/Renate, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese and Croatian Renato/Renata, Latin Renatus/Renata, all of which mean "reborn", "built-in over again".[93]

Meet too [edit]

  • Chantry call – Tradition in some Christian churches
  • Baptismal regeneration – Doctrines held by major Christian denomination
  • Born-again virgin – Person who commits to forbearance after having had sexual intercourse
  • Child dedication – Deed of induction of children
  • Jesus movement – Quondam evangelical Christian movement
  • Dvija – Twice-born status of Hindu male after Upanayana
  • Evangelism – Preaching the Gospel of Jesus Christ
  • Monergism – View within Christian theology
  • Sinner's prayer – Evangelical Christian term referring to any prayer of repentance

References [edit]

  1. ^ a b c Joyner, F. Belton (2007). United Methodist Questions, United Methodist Answers: Exploring Christian Faith. Westminster John Knox Printing. p. 39. ISBN9780664230395 . Retrieved x April 2014. The new birth is necessary for salvation because it marks the move toward holiness. That comes with faith.
  2. ^ Cathcart, William (1883). The Baptist Encyclopaedia: A Dictionary of the Doctrines, Ordinances ... of the Full general History of the Baptist Denomination in All Lands, with Numerous Biographical Sketches...& a Supplement. 50. H. Everts. p. 834.
  3. ^ a b c Manual of Faith and Practice of Central Yearly Coming together of Friends. Central Yearly Meeting of Friends. 2018. p. 26.
  4. ^ a b Forest, William W. (1965). Civilisation and Personality Aspects of the Pentecostal Holiness Religion. Mouton & Company. p. 18. ISBN978-iii-11-204424-7.
  5. ^ a b Bornstein, Erica (2005). The spirit of development: Protestant NGOs, morality, and economics in Zimbabwe. Stanford University Press. ISBN9780804753364 . Retrieved xxx July 2011. A senior staff fellow member in Globe Vision's California office elaborated on the importance of existence "born again," emphasizing a cardinal "relationship" between individuals and Jesus Christ: "...the importance of a personal human relationship with Christ [is] that information technology's non only a matter of going to Christ or existence baptized when you are an babe. We believe that people need to exist regenerated. They need a spiritual rebirth. The demand to exist born once more. ...Yous must be born over again before you tin encounter, or enter, the Kingdom of Heaven."
  6. ^ a b Lever, A. B. (2007). And God Said... ISBN9781604771152 . Retrieved 30 July 2011. From speaking to other Christians I know that the distinction of a born again believer is a personal experience of God that leads to a personal relationship with Him.
  7. ^ Toll, Robert 1000. (1993). Beyond Born Again: Toward Evangelical Maturity. Wildside Press. ISBN9781434477484 . Retrieved xxx July 2011. I have a personal human relationship with Jesus Christ.
  8. ^ John 3:iii-5
  9. ^ Danker, Frederick West., et al, A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Attestation and Other Early Christian Literature, tertiary ed (Chicago: University of Chicago,2010), 92. Specifically see the first (from above) and fourth (again, afresh) meanings.
  10. ^ Jn three:3 NET
  11. ^ Jn iii:3 NET
  12. ^ a b Mullen, MS., in Kurian, GT., The Encyclopedia of Christian Culture, J. Wiley & Sons, 2012, p. 302.
  13. ^ Jn 1:5
  14. ^ cf. Jn one:12-xiii; 1Jn 2:29, three:nine, iv:7, v:eighteen
  15. ^ Hoskyns, Sir Edwyn C. and Davy, F.North.(ed), The Fourth Gospel, Faber & Faber 2nd ed. 1947, pp. 211,212
  16. ^ 1Peter 1:22-23
  17. ^ a b Fisichella, SJ., Taking Away the Veil: To Encounter Beyond the Curtain of Illusion, iUniverse, 2003, pp. 55-56.
  18. ^ Emmons, Samuel B. A Bible Dictionary. BiblioLife, 2008. ISBN 978-0-554-89108-viii.
  19. ^ 1Peter 1:23
  20. ^ Driscoll, James F. "Divine Promise (in Scripture)". The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 12. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 15 November 2009.[i]
  21. ^ "Systematic Theology - Book 3 - Christian Classics Ethereal Library". world wide web.ccel.org . Retrieved 11 September 2019.
  22. ^ The New Testament Greek Lexicon. thirty July 2009.
  23. ^ Stagg, Evelyn and Frank. Woman in the Earth of Jesus. Philadelphia: Westminster Printing, 1978. ISBN 0-664-24195-half dozen
  24. ^ Wesley, J., The works of the Reverend John Wesley, Methodist Episcopal Church, 1831, pp. 405–406.
  25. ^ LeFevre, CF. and Williamson, ID., The Gospel ballast. Troy, NY, 1831–32, p. 66. [2]
  26. ^ a b c Ehrman, Bart (2016). Jesus Before the Gospels: How the Primeval Christians Remembered, Changed, and Invented Their Stories of the Savior. HarperOne. pp. 108–109. ISBN978-0062285201.
  27. ^ "Biblical Errancy: The "Born Again" Dialogue In the Gospel of John". Biblical Errancy . Retrieved 11 September 2019.
  28. ^ The Oxford Handbook of Religion and American Politics, OUP, p16.
  29. ^ Joel C. Elworthy, Ed. Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture, New Testament IVa, John 1-10 (Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 2007), p. 109-110
  30. ^ John 3:3
  31. ^ John 3:5
  32. ^ John F. McHugh, John 1-4, The International Disquisitional Commentary (New York: T&T Clark, 2009), p. 227
  33. ^ CCC 1229
  34. ^ 2 Corinthians 5:17; 2 Peter i:4
  35. ^ Ephesians four:25
  36. ^ CCC 1262-1274
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External links [edit]

  • The New Birth, John Wesley, sermon No. 45. Wesley's teaching on being born again, and statement that it is fundamental to Christianity.

ellismille1986.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born_again

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